Aplicação da escala SAM na seleção de imagens de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis para utilização em tarefas experimentais / SAM scale application in selecting healthy and non-healthy food images for use in experimental tasks

O modelo dimensional das emoções tem sido utilizado em investigações no âmbito da psicologia experimental. Este estudo utilizou a pontuação nas dimensões da escala SAM (Self Assesment Manikin) para emparelhar estímulos considerando o valor afetivo. O objetivo foi realizar um levantamento das dimensões afetivas em um conjunto de 122 imagens relacionadas com alimentos para utilização em tarefas experimentais entre adultos, com o intuito de permitir o emparelhamento de estímulos nas dimensões afetivas, em conjuntos de imagens de alimentos saudáveis (SD), não saudáveis (NS) e objetos comuns do dia a dia (OB). Participaram como juízes 87 estudantes universitários, 43 (49,4%) do sexo feminino e 44 (50,6%) do sexo masculino. O controle emocional dos estímulos contribui para aumentar a validade ecológica dos estudos através do melhor controle dos estímulos que possuem relevância afetiva. Este trabalho propiciou a criação de um banco de imagens relacionadas a alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis e um conjunto de imagens de objetos para comparação ou pareamento. O material desenvolvido possibilita a manipulação e controle de estímulos com relevância emocional em estudos relacionados ao comportamento alimentar em humanos.

The dimensional model of emotions has been previously used for research in experimental psychology. In the current study, the score in the dimensions of SAM scale (Self-Assessment Manikin) was used to pair the stimuli in level of arousal elicited. The objective was to survey the affective dimensions of a set of 122 images related to food for its use in experimental tasks among adults, in order to allow pairing of stimuli in the emotional dimensions, in sets of health food images (SD) unhealthy (NS) and common objects of everyday life (OB). Participants were 87 college students of both genders, 43 (49.4%) were female and 44 (50.6%) were male. The criterion used allowed the choice of 12 pairs of SD-OB images and 12 NS-B pairs, matched in the arousal scale. Emotional control of the stimuli is relevant to increase the ecological validity of the studies through better control of stimuli with emotional relevance. This work led to the creation of a bank of images related to healthy and unhealthy foods, as well as a set of pictures of objects pictures. The material developed enables the manipulation and control of stimuli with emotional significance in studies related to eating behavior.

[Personality factors as predictors of alcohol consumption by university students]. / Fatores de personalidade como preditores do consumo de álcool por estudantes universitários.

This study aimed to verify differences in personality factors between abstainers and drinkers and between individuals with higher versus lower levels of alcohol consumption in the previous three months, and to test the predictive power of factors for any lifetime alcohol consumption and for at least monthly alcohol consumption. A total of 169 university students participated, of whom 66.7% were women, with a mean age of 21.2 years. Lifetime alcohol consumption was 90.1%; 42.3% had consumed at least twice in the previous three months; and 57.7% consumed alcohol at least monthly. Participants with less frequent consumption in the previous three months showed higher mean scores for personality factors involving socialization and achievement, while those that consumed more frequently scored higher on extroversion. A predictive model showed that increments in extroversion contributed to increased odds of drinking alcohol, while increments in achievement decreased the odds of drinking. Personality characteristics were able to distinguish between different groups of drinkers and predict the frequency of alcohol consumption.

Fatores de personalidade como preditores do consumo de álcool por estudantes universitários / Personality factors as predictors of alcohol consumption by university students

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar diferenças em fatores de personalidade entre pessoas que consumiram, ou não, álcool na vida, e entre pessoas que ingeriram com maior e menor frequência álcool nos últimos três meses, e testar o poder preditivo dos fatores para o consumo de álcool na vida e para o consumo de álcool, ao menos, mensal. Participaram 169 universitários, 66,7% mulheres, média de idade 21,2 anos. Declararam ter consumido álcool na vida 90,1% dos participantes; 42,3% consumiram até duas vezes nos últimos três meses e 57,7% consumiram, ao menos, mensalmente. Participantes com consumo menos frequente nos últimos três meses obtiveram maiores médias nos fatores de personalidade socialização e realização, já os que consumiram mais frequentemente pontuaram mais em extroversão. Um modelo preditivo revelou que incrementos em extroversão contribuíram no aumento das chances de beber álcool; acréscimos em realização diminuíram as chances do consumo. Características de personalidade foram capazes de diferenciar grupos de bebedores e predizer a frequência de consumo de álcool.

This study aimed to verify differences in personality factors between abstainers and drinkers and between individuals with higher versus lower levels of alcohol consumption in the previous three months, and to test the predictive power of factors for any lifetime alcohol consumption and for at least monthly alcohol consumption. A total of 169 university students participated, of whom 66.7% were women, with a mean age of 21.2 years. Lifetime alcohol consumption was 90.1%; 42.3% had consumed at least twice in the previous three months; and 57.7% consumed alcohol at least monthly. Participants with less frequent consumption in the previous three months showed higher mean scores for personality factors involving socialization and achievement, while those that consumed more frequently scored higher on extroversion. A predictive model showed that increments in extroversion contributed to increased odds of drinking alcohol, while increments in achievement decreased the odds of drinking. Personality characteristics were able to distinguish between different groups of drinkers and predict the frequency of alcohol consumption.